Syria From Above: May 2026

Saharan dust waves trigger countrywide health alerts; April rains boost Al-Hasaka wheat projections to 1.3 million tons; construction begins on Zayzoun 1,000 MW power plant, among other developments.

In this issue:

(1) Environment & Agriculture

• Successive Saharan Dust Waves Blanket Syria, Trigger Nationwide Health Alerts

• Heavy April Storms Drive Sharp Rainfall Surges Across Syria

• Five-Month “Reefna Akhdar” Campaign Ends After Planting Nearly 500,000 Saplings Across Rif Dimashq

• April Rains Boost Al-Hasaka Wheat Projections to 1.3 Million Tons

(2) Humanitarian

• Syrian Authorities Seal Off Al-Hol Camp in April as Relocation Operations Continue at Aq Burhan

(3) Energy

• Damascus Sees First 48 Hours of Continuous Power in Over a Decade

• Construction of Zayzoun’s 1,000 MW Thermal Power Plant Officially Begins in April

• Al-Tabqa Lake Rises Four Meters in April, Supporting 250 MW of Hydropower Generation

(4) Infrastructure

• April Rehabilitation Push Brings Deir Ezzor Airport Closer to Reopening

• Tartus Port Sees Strongest 2026 Performance in April, Handling 910,000 Tons of Cargo

• Al-Tanf Crossing Reopens in April After 11 Years as Iraqi Fuel Convoys Resume Transit to Syria

• Adra Industrial City Expands Investment in Q1 as Baladna Signs Major Dairy Project in April

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Electricity

• Damascus (134.5% ↑): Damascus residents reported 48 hours of continuous electricity for the first time in over 10 years in April 2026, likely attributed to increased gas supplies from Jordan and improved national grid stability.¹

• Deir Ezzor (126.6% ↑): Power was restored to Al-Hamidiyah and Khasarat neighborhoods after a nine-year outage, while grid repairs continued across several neighbourhoods throughout April.²³

• Ar-Raqqah (116.4% ↑): Electricity service was restored across multiple neighborhoods, following power outages that had persisted for more than seven years.⁴

• Aleppo (114.9% ↑): Four electrical substations were inaugurated in Al-Sha’ar and Al-Halwaniyya neighbourhoods of eastern Aleppo, restoring electricity access to approximately 15,000 residents after prolonged outages.⁵

• Hama (109.2% ↑): Construction officially commenced on the new 1000 MW Zayzoun thermal power plant in the Hama countryside as part of a major national electricity generation expansion initiative.⁶

• Al-Qamishli (40.9% ↑): Expansion works have begun at the Northern Al-Qamishli transformer station with the installation of a second 20 MVA transformer. This has boosted daily power supply from just one hour to over eight hours for about 35% of the city and 286 nearby villages, restoring service to residents after a two-year outage.⁷

• As-Suwayda, Homs, Latakia, Daraa, Tartus & Idlib (3.2% ↑ - 127.1% ↑): Improvements in electricity supply were reported through out Syria in April following Jordanian gas deliveries, grid stabilization measures, and ongoing maintenance works; some areas experienced near-continuous electricity service for the first time in years.⁸

• Al-Hasakah (29.7% ↓): Local authorities and Ministry of Energy officials continued discussions in April on the deteriorating electricity situation in the governorate, focusing on low production capacity, damaged transmission and distribution infrastructure, and ongoing service delivery challenges.⁹

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Air Quality

• Major Saharan dust waves originating from North Africa affected Syria on April 3 and again between the evening of April 4 and April 5, 2026, generating dense haze, dusty conditions, and elevated particulate concentrations across coastal, central, northern, eastern, and southern regions; the second wave prompted nationwide health advisories and preventive measures, particularly in heavily impacted southern governorates.¹⁰¹¹

• A subsequent light-to-moderate dust and haze event affected southern, eastern, and parts of central Syria between April 15 and 17, prompting additional public health warnings and precautionary guidance from the Ministry of Emergency and Disaster Management.¹²

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Rainfall

• Successive Mediterranean low-pressure weather systems caused widespread heavy rainfall and thunderstorms across all Syrian governorates from early to mid-April 2026, resulting in year-over-year rainfall increases ranging from ~50% in Tartus to +168.6% in Rif Dimashq.¹³¹⁴¹⁵

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Tree Cover

• Aleppo (47.3% ↑): Approximately 20,000 trees were planted around Midanki Dam in Afrin countryside in late February;¹⁶ subsequently 10,000 trees were planted across town centers and public parks in Al-Bab district in late March.¹⁷

• Rif Dimashq (28.5% ↑): The “Reefna Akhdar” campaign concluded on April 30 after planting 497,000 forest and fruit-bearing saplings across nine districts, with major reforestation concentrated in conflict-affected Eastern Ghouta and Zabadani areas.¹⁸

• Idlib (17.4% ↑): Residents across southern Idlib countryside resumed large-scale olive and fig tree planting after years of illegal logging, contributing to localized vegetation recovery and improved land cover.¹⁹

• Tartus (9.9% ↑): As part of the continuing “Tartus Green” campaign, approximately 1,000 trees were planted in Jabal Al-Qash'at near Mishta Al-Halu to expand green spaces and reinforce reforestation efforts.²⁰

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Cropland

• Al-Hasaka (300.8% ↑): Local projections estimated up to 1.3 million tons of wheat after heavy rainfall revived Al-Khabur River and ended years of drought; subsequently, rehabilitation of key grain silos in Tal Alo, Tal Hamis, and Sabah al-Khair began in late April to prepare for the 2026 harvest.²¹²²

• Daraa (220.3% ↑): Al-Samaqiyat Dam filled to capacity after years of drought, revitalizing irrigation, agriculture, and livestock watering across eastern Daraa; authorities also confirmed strong wheat crop conditions while assessing and processing compensation claims for hail and thunderstorm damage later in the month.²³²⁴²⁵

• Ar-Raqqah (211.9% ↑) & Deir Ezzor (163.5% ↑): The Syria Recovery Trust Fund completed technical training programs for 698 farmers, in both governorates, focused on climate-smart agriculture, irrigation, and land management; subsequently, subsidized diesel distribution began in late April to support irrigation pumps and agricultural machinery ahead of the wheat harvest.²⁶²⁷

• Aleppo (185.4% ↑): Rainfall revived croplands and pastures across western and southern Aleppo throughout April, significantly improving wheat, barley, and other crop growth despite localized fungal diseases and aphid outbreaks linked to increased humidity; ICARDA subsequently organized a field day showcasing new high-yield wheat and barley varieties to local farmers.²⁸²⁹³⁰

• Hama (154.6% ↑): FAO and ICARDA organized field demonstrations highlighting improved wheat varieties and climate-resilient farming practices in Al-Sqeilbiya; later in April, water releases from Rastan Dam resumed to support irrigation across multiple agricultural zones.³¹³²

• Idlib (128.1% ↑): Agricultural authorities launched a wheat protection guidance course in Idlib in early April; rehabilitation of the Ra’a grain reception center subsequently began to prepare for the 2026 wheat harvest season.³³³⁴

• Al-Qunaitra (82.0% ↑): Farmers reported abundant rainfall and significantly improved crop conditions compared to previous drought years; agricultural field inspections and pest-monitoring campaigns were also conducted across wheat-growing areas in the southern countryside.³⁵³⁶

• Tartus (20.8% ↑): A Cash-for-Work program supported 686 farmers through the installation of drip irrigation systems and water tanks in household gardens, improving water management, crop production, and local food security.³⁷

• As-Suwayda, Rif Dimashq, Homs & Latakia (22.1% ↑ - 203.2% ↑): Croplands across all four governorates recorded significant EVI increases, corresponding with substantially above-average year-over-year rainfall levels in April 2026 (65.5%–168.6%).³⁸

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Burned Areas

• No burned areas were detected in Syria in March 2026, contrasting with March 2025, when concentrated forest fires in Latakia coincided with coastal sectarian clashes.³⁹

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Airports

• Deir Ezzor Airport (253.8% ↑): Rehabilitation works reached advanced stages by late April, passenger terminal upgrades nearing 95% completion, and navigation lighting systems under preparation as part of efforts to resume operations serving eastern Syria.⁴⁰⁴¹

• Aleppo International Airport (189.2% ↑): Strong operational recovery continued throughout April, with 24,854 passengers handled across 264 flights operated by seven airlines; this coincided with Syrian-Saudi agreements to develop and operate the airport and the launch of the Flynas Syria carrier.⁴²⁴³⁴⁴

• Qamishli Airport (17.4% ↑): Rehabilitation works accelerated throughout April, including runway and apron earthworks upgraded to international standards, as authorities prepared for the airport’s full reopening and the resumption of operations across Al-Jazira region.⁴⁵⁴⁶

• Damascus International Airport (0.7% ↓): Syrian authorities announced the full reopening of all air corridors and the resumption of normal airport operations on April 8; simultaneously, rapid progress continued on the first phase of Terminal 2 development works while the airport handled 34,347 passengers across 492 flights during April.⁴⁷⁴⁸⁴⁹

• Palmyra Airport (124.8% ↑) & Latakia International Airport (47.5% ↑): Significant NTL increases were recorded; further localized analysis is required to identify the specific drivers behind the observed trend.

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Ports

• Baniyas Port (214.1% ↑): Approximately 500,000 tons of Iraqi oil per month were designated for transit through Baniyas port in early April; the first convoys arrived mid-month and tanker loading operations for re-export commenced, with part of the shipments allocated to domestic power generation.⁵⁰⁵¹⁵²

• Latakia Port (169.0% ↑): Port activity expanded significantly in April, with approximately 350,000 tons of cargo handled and 68 vessels received; in late April, the port launched the first UAE-to-Europe vehicle transit shipment via Syria, involving more than 200 vehicles.⁵³⁵⁴

• Tartus Port (93.4% ↑): Tartus port recorded its strongest commercial performance of 2026 in April, handling approximately 910,000 tons of cargo and receiving 100 vessels; the increase was linked to broader trade recovery measures and simplified customs procedures that accelerated import and export operations.⁵⁵⁵⁶

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Border Crossings

• Jdeidet Yabous (276.5% ↑): Early April saw the temporary closure of the crossing due to Israeli threats, followed by its reopening on April 9; at the same time, the IOM reported that Jdeidet Yabous handled roughly 60% of the 277,000 Lebanon-to-Syria crossings recorded between March and April amid intensified returnee flows.⁵⁷⁵⁸⁵⁹

• At-Tanf (100.0% ↑): Syria and Iraq officially reopened Al-Tanf/Al-Waleed crossing in early April after nearly 11 years of closure; Iraqi fuel convoys began transiting on April 1–2 toward Baniyas port, with hundreds of tankers continuing daily operations throughout mid-April.⁶⁰⁶¹⁶²⁶³

• Arida (68.2% ↑): Arida crossing remained operational for pedestrian traffic throughout April despite vehicle restrictions caused by bridge damage; authorities denied closure rumors on April 18 while IOM reported more than 9,400 individuals processed during sustained returnee movements from March to April.⁶⁴⁶⁵⁶⁶

• Nasib (58.1% ↑): Syrian border authority inspected the crossing on April 8 to review readiness and expansion works, including new cargo yards and transit lanes; by late April the crossing was facilitating major commercial activity, including the transit of more than 200 UAE vehicles bound for export through Latakia Port.⁶⁷⁶⁸

• Bab Al-Salameh (6.3% ↑) & Bab Al-Hawa (15.3% ↓): On April 1, authorities sharply increased private passenger car entry fees at both border crossings, while expansion works at Bab Al-Hawa began in early April to increase daily passenger handling capacity to 10,000 travelers.⁶⁹⁷⁰

• Al-Yarubiyah (5.3% ↑): Al-Yarubiyah/Rabia crossing officially reopened on April 20 following rehabilitation works on both the Syrian and Iraqi sides; senior officials attended inauguration ceremonies aimed at restoring transit, trade, and bilateral economic cooperation.⁷¹⁷²

• Semalka (14.4% ↓): Syrian authorities denied reports of increased customs duties on April 11; the crossing was transferred to joint administration under the SDF integration agreement on April 15, followed by the removal of entry and exit fees for Syrian travelers on April 18.⁷³⁷⁴⁷⁵

• Al-Bukamal (2.0% ↓): Syrian customs authorities conducted an inspection visit during April to review passenger and cargo operations, assess infrastructure development plans, and coordinate with Iraqi counterparts in Al-Qaim to facilitate bilateral trade flows.⁷⁶

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Power Plants

• Zayzoun (100.0% ↑): Construction of the 1,000 MW Zayzoun thermal power plant officially started on 9 April; parallel agreements between UCC Holding and Siemens Energy covered the manufacturing and supply of turbines, generators, transformers, and associated technical equipment for the national power programme, including the new Zayzoun facility.⁷⁷⁷⁸

• Mehardeh (113.4% ↑): A 100 MW generating unit was reactivated in late March after more than a decade offline; the restart was overseen by Energy Minister Mohammad al-Bashir during a field visit on the first day of Eid al-Fitr.⁷⁹

• Jandar (35.2% ↑): Maintenance operations were carried out on the plant’s first gas turbine in early April to improve operational efficiency and increase electricity generation capacity.⁸⁰

• Al-Nasserieh (23.7% ↑) & Deir Ali (42.1% ↓): UNDP issued international tenders on 3 April for the supply of spare parts to support ongoing operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation activities at both power plants.⁸¹

• Tishreen (18.5% ↓): Rehabilitation works continued throughout April on the plant’s first and second steam turbines; energy officials emphasized accelerating implementation due to the facility’s importance for grid stability and electricity supply.⁸²

• Baniyas (16.4% ↑) & Latakia (41.2% ↓): Mixed NTL trends were recorded during April; a localized analysis is required to pinpoint the underlying drivers.

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Dams

• Al-Mansoura (104.4% ↑): Syrian authorities warned that water levels along the Euphrates downstream of Al-Mansoura Dam are expected to rise for one to two weeks due to increased turbine operations and higher inflows following heavy regional rainfall, prompting advisories for residents in Raqqa and Deir Ezzor to move agricultural equipment away from riverbanks.⁸³

• Qattinah (26.7% ↑): Syrian media reported that Lake Qattinah returned close to full capacity following heavy rainfall in April 2026, improving reservoir conditions and supporting nearby agricultural and irrigation activities.⁸⁴

• Tishreen (16.7% ↑): Emergency maintenance and rehabilitation operations intensified throughout April 2026 following climatic damage assessments; technical teams continued repairs on the fifth turbine, including blade welding and generator servicing, to restore hydroelectric generation capacity and grid stability.⁸⁵⁸⁶

• Mashqita (-5.6% ↓): Water authorities in Latakia conducted extensive maintenance and cleaning operations on drainage channels and water passages at Mashqita Dam in mid-April 2026 as part of flood prevention and network-efficiency measures during heavy rainfall conditions.⁸⁷

• Al-Tabqa (-9.0% ↓): Water levels at Lake Al-Tabqa rose by approximately four meters in April 2026, increasing storage volumes to around 12 billion m³ and enabling hydropower generation of roughly 250 MW; the Ministry of Energy also held discussions with the FAO on April 13 regarding maintenance support and operational reliability for the dam.⁸⁸⁸⁹

• Midanki (-12.5% ↓): Heavy rainfall significantly increased water levels at Midanki Dam in Afrin countryside during April 2026, improving irrigation prospects after prolonged drought conditions; local officials also conducted inspection visits emphasizing infrastructure development and public service improvements around the dam area.⁹⁰⁹¹⁹²

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Industrial Zones

• Adra Industrial City (50.0% ↑): Investment activity accelerated during Q1 2026, with 88 plots offered across different sectors; infrastructure works continued, including electricity, road, sewage, and flood-mitigation projects; a World Bank/IFC-backed agreement signed in mid-April with Qatari food company Baladna will establish a major dairy manufacturing plant in the zone.⁹³⁹⁴⁹⁵

• Hasyaa Industrial Zone (38.7% ↑): Subscription opened for 76 fully serviced industrial plots across food, engineering, chemical, and textile sectors between 13–30 April; by April 23, 16 investors, including a Chinese iron manufacturer, had subscribed following eased payment terms and expanded installment options.⁹⁶⁹⁷

• Sheikh Najjar Industrial Zone (30.1% ↑): April saw meetings between the Deputy Minister of Economy and Industry and investors focused on development plans and improving the investment environment in Aleppo’s industrial city; authorities also finalized third-phase plot allocations and announced upcoming auctions for high-demand industrial plots.⁹⁸⁹⁹

• Deir Ezzor Industrial Zone (65.5% ↓): In early May, SANA reported that extensive destruction across the industrial zone and key facilities continued to suppress industrial activity and halt production lines; rehabilitation and reorganization plans were prepared, while several damaged facilities were offered for investment to support industrial recovery and the return of workshops and skilled trades.¹⁰⁰

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IDP Camps

• Aq Burhan (1061.0% ↑) & Al-Hol (89.1% ↓): Humanitarian interventions and aid operations continued throughout April in Aq Burhan camp to support families relocated from the closed Al-Hol camp; meanwhile, Syrian authorities declared Al-Hol a fully closed military zone in early April, enforcing a total access ban around the site.¹⁰¹¹⁰²

• Serekaniye (53.7% ↓) & Washokani (10.9% ↓): Camp residents reported worsening humanitarian conditions throughout April, including waterlogged tents, declining aid distributions, and deteriorating services, while simultaneously intensifying calls for safe and organized return to their original areas following the January 2026 agreement; discussions with camp leadership and security officials focused on return mechanisms and security guarantees.¹⁰³¹⁰⁴¹⁰⁵¹⁰⁶

1. “Gas via Jordan lights up Damascus for 48 uninterrupted hours,” Ammon News, April 21, 2026, https://en.ammonnews.net/article/90910

2. “Electricity returns to Deir Ezzor neighborhoods after nine-year outage,” SANA, April 1, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2307110/

3. “صيانة مراكز تحويل وتمديد شبكة جديدة لتحسين الكهرباء في أحياء دير الزور ,” دير الزور ٢٤, April ٢٢, 2026, https://shorturl.at/9BKcS

4. “Power restored to neighborhoods in Raqqa after a power outage that lasted more than seven years,” DeirEzzor24, April 2026, https://deirezzor24.net/en/power-restored-to-neighborhoods-in-raqqa-after-a-power-outage-that-lasted-more-than-seven-years/

5. “Four electrical substations eastern Aleppo,” Rebuilding Syria, April 30, 2026, https://www.rebuilding-syria.com/projects/four-electrical-substations-eastern-aleppo-370882

6. “Syria, UCC launch 1,000 MW Zayzoun power plant project in western Hama,” SANA, April 9, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/investment/2309344/

7. Official announcement and update, Ministry of Energy / local media coverage (Instagram), April 26, 2026, instagram.com/p/DXl049yDV_V/

8. “Power Supply Improves Across Syrian Provinces,” Levant24, April 24, 2026, https://levant24.com/news/2026/04/power-supply-improves-across-syrian-provinces/

9. “Follow-Up on electricity situation in Hasakah, preparations for integrating agricultural institutions,” Hawar News, April 1, 2026, https://hawarnews.com/en/follow-up-on-electricity-situation-in-hasakah-preparations-for-integrating-agricultural-institutions

10. “الأرصاد الجوية توضح أسباب الكتلة الغبارية فوق سوريا وتتوقع انحسارها مساء السبت,” SANA, April 3, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2441484/

11. “كتلة غبارية ثانية تؤثر على البلاد بدءاً من مساء اليوم,” SANA, April 4, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2442150/

12. “الطوارئ تحذّر من موجة غبار وتدعو للالتزام بالإرشادات الوقائية,” SANA, April 15, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2450946/

13. “عواصف رعدية وهطولات مطرية غزيرة متوقعة من الجمعة حتى الأحد,” SANA, April 16, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2452644/

14. “هطولات مطرية في معظم المحافظات أعلاها 71 مم في شطحة بريف حماة خلال الـ 24 الماضية,” SANA, April 18, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2453873/

15. “هطولات مطرية في معظم المحافظات أعلاها 49 مم في عين حلاقيم بريف حماة,” SANA, April 19, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2454729/

16. “Tree-planting campaign launched near Midanki Dam in northern Aleppo,” SANA, February 24, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2298697/

17. “إدارة منطقة الباب بريف حلب تطلق حملة تشجير لزراعة 10 آلاف شجرة,” @AlekhbariahSY (X), March 31, 2026, x.com/AlekhbariahSY/status/2038991137382232283

18. “انتهاء حملة “ريفنا أخضر” بعد زراعة نحو نصف مليون شجرة في ريف دمشق,” SANA, April 30, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2464212/

19. “بعد سنوات من القطع الجائر.. أهالي ريف إدلب الجنوبي يعيدون تشجير أراضيهم بزراعة أشجار التين والزيتون,” الإخبارية السورية (@AlekhbariahSY), April 28, 2026, x.com/AlekhbariahSY/status/2049043229635416489

20. “استكمالاً لحملة طرطوس الخضراء غرس ١٠٠٠ شجرة في جبل القشعات بمشتى الحلو,” Interactive Syria (Instagram), April 9, 2026, instagram.com/reel/DW5-wk-Cugy/

21. “1.3 مليون طن.. توقعات بموسم قمح استثنائي في الحسكة بعد سنوات من الجفاف,” Thawra, April 14, 2026, https://shorturl.at/5dOMZ

22. “Grain silos undergo maintenance as Syria prepares for 2026 harvest,” SANA, April 27, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2313149/

23. “امتلاء سد السماقيات بريف درعا ينعش الزراعة والسياحة بعد سنوات من الجفاف,” SANA, April 2, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2440573/

24. “زراعة درعا تؤكد خلو حقول القمح من الآفات الفطرية والإصابات الحشرية,” SANA, April 11, 2026, https://sana.sy/governorates/2447756/

25. “وفد من وزارة الزراعة يتفقد أضرار العاصفة الرعدية على المحاصيل بريف درعا,” SANA, April 19, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2454707/

26. “Farmers in Ar-Raqqa and Deir-ez-Zor Receive Technical Training Sessions to Improve Skills and Knowledge,” SRTF, April 23, 2026, https://www.srtfund.org/news/983-farmers-in-ar-raqqa-and-deir-ez-zor-receive-technical-training-sessions-to-improve-skills-and-knowledge

27. “بدء توزيع المازوت الزراعي المدعوم في الرقة ودير الزور,” Al-Watan, April 28, 2026, https://alwatan.sy/?p=2433851

28. “هطولات مطرية في ريف حلب الغربي,” SANA, April 8, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2445568/

29. “يوم حقلي لعرض أصناف جديدة من القمح والشعير في حلب,” SANA, April 16, 2026, https://sana.sy/economy/2452461/

30. “الأمطار الغزيرة في ريف حلب الجنوبي.. تحسن بالإنتاج يقابله انتشار للأمراض والآفات,” SANA, April 28, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2462214/

31. “استعادة أصناف البذار المحلية وتنقيتها وراثياً ضمن مشروع بناء الصمود المحلي,” SANA, April 23, 2026, https://sana.sy/economy/2458138/

32. “الموارد المائية في حماة تطلق أول دفعة من مياه سد الرستن لدعم ري المحاصيل,” SANA, late April 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2463947/

33. “دورة إرشادية لتعزيز حماية محصول القمح في إدلب,” SANA, April 8, 2026, https://sana.sy/video/2444216/

34. “إعادة تأهيل مركز “راعة” لاستلام الحبوب في إدلب استعداداً لموسم حصاد القمح,” SANA, April 24, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2459141/

35. “أمطار وفيرة ومحاصيل أفضل.. مزارعو ريف القنيطرة يتحدثون عن موسم واعد,” SANA, April 11, 2026, https://sana.sy/video/2448335/

36. “جولة ميدانية لمتابعة حقول القمح بريف القنيطرة الجنوبي,” SANA, April 27, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2461210/

37. “Farmers in Tartous Receive Financial Support to Strengthen Food Security and Self-Reliance,” SRTF, April 27, 2026, https://www.srtfund.org/news/984-farmers-in-tartous-receive-financial-support-to-strengthen-food-security-and-self-reliance

38. “Syria From Above: May 2026 (Rainfall),” May, 2026, https://www.syriafromabove.com/i/196629241/rainfall

39. “مراسل زمان الوصل : رصد حرائق في غابات اللاذقية,” @zamanalwsl (X), March 8, 2025, x.com/zamanalwsl/status/1898067773290369129

40. “Deir Ezzor Airport nears operational readiness after major rehabilitation works,” SANA, April 24, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2312597/

41. “Deir ez-Zor Airport Rehabilitation Reaches 80–85% After Months of Work,” SP Today, April 28, 2026, https://sp-today.com/en/news/deir-ezzor-airport-rehabilitation-near-completion-april-2026

42. “Syria, Saudi Arabia discuss Aleppo international airport development plans,” SANA, April 14, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/economic/2310240/

43. “Syria, Saudi Arabia Sign Deals To Develop Aleppo Airport, Launch Flynas Syria Carrier by 2026,” The Media Line, April 16, 2026, https://themedialine.org/headlines/syria-saudi-arabia-sign-deals-to-develop-aleppo-airport-launch-flynas-syria-carrier-by-2026/

44. “Passenger traffic at Aleppo Airport tops 24,000 in April,” SANA, May 7, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2315023/

45. “Rehabilitation Works at Qamishli International Airport Continue Ahead of Reopening,” Rebuilding Syria, April 15, 2026, https://www.rebuilding-syria.com/blog/qamishli-international-airport-rehabilitation-reopening-776221

46. “استمرار أعمال تأهيل مطار القامشلي الدولي,” SANA, April 15, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2451368/

47. “Civil Aviation Authority Announces Reopening of Syrian Airspace, Resumption of Operations at Damascus Airport,” Enab Baladi, April 8, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/04/civil-aviation-authority-announces-reopening-of-syrian-airspace-resumption-of-operations-at-damascus-airport/

48. “تسارع ملحوظ في أعمال المرحلة الأولى من مشروع تطوير مطار دمشق الدولي,” SANA, April 14, 2026, https://sana.sy/video/2450339/

49. “Damascus Airport Sees 34347 Passengers in April 2026,” GACA Update via LinkedIn (Mohamad Abulibdeh), May 2026, https://www.linkedin.com/posts/mohamad-abulibdeh_gaca-update-dam-during-april-2026-damascus-activity-7457485952941469696-iXxM

50. “Syrian Petroleum says 500,000 tons of Iraqi fuel to transit monthly to Baniyas,” Anadolu Agency, April 4, 2026, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/syrian-petroleum-says-500-000-tons-of-iraqi-fuel-to-transit-monthly-to-baniyas/3892076

51. “Syria’s Baniyas Begins Loading Iraqi Oil Shipments for Re-export,” Asharq Al-Awsat, April 16, 2026, https://english.aawsat.com/business/5262888-syria’s-baniyas-begins-loading-iraqi-oil-shipments-re-export

52. “Syria begins loading Iraqi oil shipments for re-export,” The New Arab, April 16, 2026, https://www.newarab.com/news/syria-begins-loading-iraqi-oil-shipments-re-export

53. “Latakia Port launches first UAE-to-Europe vehicle transit shipment via Syria,” Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), April 28, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/economic/2313469/

54. “Port of Latakia recorded notable operational growth during April 2026… 350,000 tons cargo and 68 vessels,” Shipping Arabia, May 12, 2026 (summarizing April data), https://www.linkedin.com/posts/shipping-arabia_syria-lattakiaport-ports-activity-7459930378557095937-oza7

55. “Tartous Port receives 298 ships in Q1 trade surge,” Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), May 9, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/economic/2315641/

56. “Syria’s Tartus Port Handles 2.75 Million Tons in First Four Months of 2026,” SP Today, May 9, 2026, https://sp-today.com/en/news/tartus-port-handles-2-75m-tons-jan-april-2026

57. “Syria closes key border crossing after Israeli threat,” Xinhua, April 5, 2026, https://english.news.cn/20260405/acfe0214abed4cab8260ea61f7c49886/c.html

58. “Syria Reopens Airspace and Jdeidet Yabous Border Crossing With Lebanon,” Enab Baladi, April 9, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/04/syria-reopens-airspace-and-jdeidet-yabous-border-crossing-with-lebanon/

59. “UNHCR Syria: Flash Update #2 – Middle East Situation,” UNHCR/ReliefWeb, April 14, 2026, https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unhcr-syria-flash-update-2-middle-east-situation-13-april-2026

60. “Iraqi Fuel Oil Reaches Syria via al-Tanf,” Enab Baladi, April 1, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/04/iraqi-fuel-oil-reaches-syria-via-al-tanf/

61. “Syria, Iraq Reopen Al Tanf-Al Walid Border Crossing After Nearly 11 Years of Closure,” QNA, April 2, 2026, https://qna.org.qa/en/News-Area/News/2026-4/2/syria-iraq-reopen-al-tanf-al-walid-border-crossing-after-nearly-11-years-of-closure

62. “Iraqi fuel convoy enters Syria, reopening key transit route,” Xinhua, April 2, 2026, https://english.news.cn/20260402/4048af99e59e4361b91ea7c6a26d56b0/c.html

63. Joshua Landis (@joshua_landis) X post on continued convoys, April 22, 2026, x.com/joshua_landis/status/2046789740431610095

64. “UNHCR Syria: Flash Update #2 – Middle East Situation,” UNHCR/ReliefWeb, April 14, 2026, https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/unhcr-syria-flash-update-2-middle-east-situation-13-april-2026

65. @AJSyriaNowN (X) denial of closure rumors by Mazen Aloush, April 18, 2026, x.com/AJSyriaNowN/status/2045471817939247347

66. “SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC EMERGENCY MOBILITY,” IOM, April 20, 2026, https://dtm.iom.int/dtm_download_track/95516?file=1&type=node&id=63236

67. “Syria’s border chief inspects Nasib crossing with Jordan,” SANA, April 8, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2309003/

68. “Over 200 vehicles from UAE cross Nasib border en route to Latakia Port for export to Europe,” SANA, April 28, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/economic/2313469/

69. @AlarabyTvSY (X) أعلنت إدارة معبري باب الهوى وباب السلامة الحدوديين مع تركيا عن رفع رسوم دخول السيارات السياحية من 15 دولارًا إلى 100 دولار، مع تحديد مدة لا تتجاوز 15 يومًا لبقاء السيارة داخل البلاد, April 1, 2026, x.com/AlarabyTvSY/status/2039316506446643286

70. @syr_television (X) بدء أعمال توسعة معبر باب الهوى مع تركيا لرفع طاقته الاستيعابية إلى 10 آلاف مسافر يوميا, April 8, 2026, x.com/syr_television/status/2041550317024608756

71. “العراق يعلن افتتاح منفذ ربيعة الحدودي مع سوريا غداً الإثنين بعد استكمال تأهيله,” SANA, April 19, 2026, https://sana.sy/syria-and-the-world/2454937/

72. “افتتاح منفذ اليعربية – ربيعة الحدودي بين سوريا والعراق,” SANA, April 20, 2026, https://sana.sy/syria-and-the-world/2455302/

73. “Semalka Customs Hike Claims Denied in Syria,” Enab Baladi, April 11, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/04/semalka-customs-hike-claims-denied-in-syria/

74. “Syria begins joint administration of Semalka crossing with Kurdistan Region,” Shafaq News, April 15, 2026, https://shafaq.com/en/Middle-East/Syria-begins-joint-administration-of-Semalka-crossing-with-Kurdistan-Region

75. @AsharqNewsSYR (X) أعلنت الهيئة العامة للمنافذ والجمارك السورية إلغاء رسوم الدخول والخروج للمسافرين السوريين عبر معبر سيمالكا الحدودي مع العراق, April 18, 2026, x.com/AsharqNewsSYR/status/2045495062629351629

76. الهيئة العامة للمنافذ والجمارك (Facebook) رئيس الهيئة العامة للمنافذ والجمارك يجري زيارة تفقدية إلى منفذ البوكمال الحدودي, April 20, 2026, https://shorturl.at/mzMpi

77. “Syria, UCC launch 1,000 MW Zayzoun power plant project in western Hama,” SANA, April 9, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/investment/2309344/

78. “UCC Holding, a subsidiary of Power International Holding, Leads Consortium Signing Strategic Agreements with Siemens Energy for Syria Power Projects,” Power International Holding, April 13, 2026, https://powerholding.com/2026/04/13/ucc-holding-a-subsidiary-of-power-international-holding-leads-consortium-signing-strategic-agreements-with-siemens-energy-for-syria-power-projects/

79. “وزارة الطاقة تعيد تشغيل مجموعة توليد بقدرة 100ميغا واط في محطة محردة بعد توقف 10 سنوات,” SANA, March 20, 2026, https://sana.sy/governorates/hama/2431242/

80. “صيانة العنفة الغازية الأولى في محطة جندر لرفع كفاءتها وزيادة الإنتاج الكهربائي,” SANA, April 7, 2026, https://sana.sy/video/2444847/

81. “Provision of Spare Parts to Deir Ali 2 CCPP and Al-Nassrieh PP,” UNDP Procurement Notices / UNGM, April 3, 2026, https://www.ungm.org/Public/Notice/296760

82. “معاون وزير الطاقة يتفقد أعمال تأهيل مجموعات التوليد في محطة تشرين الحرارية,” SANA, April 23, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2458007/

83. “وزارة الطاقة: ارتفاع واردات الفرات يرفع منسوب البحيرات لأكثر من 85 بالمئة,” SANA, April 15, 2026, https://sana.sy/economy/2450870/

84. “بحيرة قطينة تعود لمنسوبها الطبيعي.. لوحة نابضة بالحياة في ريف حمص,” @Sy24ria (X), April 22, 2026, x.com/Sy24ria/status/2046892517711589623

85. “معاون وزير الطاقة يتفقد سد تشرين ويعلن خطة طارئة للصيانة,” AlikhbariahSY, April 6, 2026, https://alikhbariah.com/?p=59008

86. “الفرق الفنية والهندسية تتابع أعمال صيانة عنفات سد تشرين بريف حلب,” SANA, April 28, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2462113/

87. “مديرية الموارد المائية في اللاذقية تنفذ حملة تعزيل شاملة لتعزيز كفاءة شبكات التصريف المائي,” SANA, April 14, 2026, https://sana.sy/governorates/latakia/2450878/

88. “ارتفاع منسوب بحيرة الفرات بنحو 4 أمتار ليصل مخزونها إلى 12 مليار متر مكعب,” SANA, April 10, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2447161/

89. “وزارة الطاقة تبحث مع منظمة الفاو دعم صيانة سد الفرات وتعزيز موثوقيته التشغيلية,” AlikhbariahSY, April 13, 2026, https://alikhbariah.com/?p=59996

90. “أجرى أعضاء مجلس الشعب عن محافظة حلب زيارة إلى سد ميدانكي,” @afrin_gov (X), April 14, 2026, x.com/afrin_gov/status/2044147462336561167

91. “ارتفاع منسوب سد ميدانكي يعيد الأمل لمزارعي عفرين,” @Sy24ria (X), April 15, 2026, x.com/Sy24ria/status/2044404120841314399

92. “بعد ارتفاع منسوبه نتيجة الهطولات المطرية الغزيرة.. ماذا تعرف عن سد ميدانكي,” @AlekhbariahSY (X), April 26, 2026, x.com/AlekhbariahSY/status/2048454838984343880

93. “مدينة عدرا الصناعية بريف دمشق تطرح 88 مقسماً للاستثمار منذ بداية العام,” SANA, April 8, 2026, https://sana.sy/governorates/2445611/

94. “Al Khayyat Family Expands Investments in Syria,” Enab Baladi, April 19, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/04/al-khayyat-family-expands-investments-in-syria/

95. “الأمطار الغزيرة تتسبب بتجمع مياه في عدرا الصناعية.. ومعالجة فورية للأضرار,” SANA, April 29, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2463151/

96. “Industrial and Residential Plots in Hasyaa Industrial City,” Rebuilding Syria, April 2026, https://www.rebuilding-syria.com/investment-opportunities/industrial-and-residential-plots-in-hasyaa-industrial-city

97. “Hasya Industrial City Adds 16 Investors, Including Chinese Iron Manufacturer,” SP Today, April 23, 2026, https://sp-today.com/en/news/hasya-industrial-city-16-investors-chinese-iron-april-2026

98. “وزارة الاقتصاد تبحث مع المستثمرين في مدينة الشيخ نجار بحلب,” SANA, April 19, 2026, https://sana.sy/economy/2454837/

99. Aleppo Industrial Zone official page (aic.aleppo), April 15, 2026, https://www.facebook.com/aic.aleppo/posts/1368107178677406/

100. “الصناعة في دير الزور.. خطوات لإحياء الإنتاج وطرح قطاعات حيوية للاستثمار,” SANA, May 2, 2026, https://sana.sy/governorates/dayer-al-zoor/2465598/

101. “Teams of the Stabilization Support Unit (SSU) continue to implement their humanitarian interventions in #Ak_Burhan Camp…”, @StabUnit (X), 27 April 2026, x.com/StabUnit/status/2048699910417957300

102. “Syria declares Al-Hol camp ‘closed military zone’,” Anadolu Agency, 6 April 2026, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/syria-declares-al-hol-camp-closed-military-zone-/3895388

103. “IDPs from Serêkaniyê urge safe return amid harsh living conditions,” Hawar News, 11 April 2026, https://hawarnews.com/en/idps-from-serekaniye-urge-safe-return-amid-harsh-living-conditions

104. “Muddy tents, deep sorrow… elderly woman’s hope for safe return to Serekaniye,” Hawar News, 2 April 2026, https://hawarnews.com/en/muddy-tents-deep-sorrow-elderly-womans-hope-for-safe-return-to-serekaniye

105. “IDPs of Serekaniyê: only collective return guarantees safety, dignity,” Hawar News, 5 April 2026, https://hawarnews.com/en/idps-of-serekaniye-only-collective-return-guarantees-safety-dignity

106. “بحث آليات العودة الآمنة لمهجّري سري كانيه”, Hawar News, 12 April 2026, https://hawarnews.com/ar/140066