Syria From Above: March 2026

In this issue:

1. Cities | Al-Hasakah Saw 27% Drop in Nighttime Lights Following Clashes and Grid Damage

2. Air Quality | Aerosol Levels in Deir Ezzor Decline Following Crackdown on Informal Refineries

3. Tree Cover | Hama, Homs, and Latakia Post Double-Digit Vegetation Declines as 2025 Wildfire Impacts Persist

4. Burned Areas | January Satellite Data Show Zero Burned Areas Nationwide

5. Airports | Deir Ezzor Airport Records Nearly Eightfold Increase in Nighttime Lights Ahead of Planned Reopening

6. Ports | Baniyas Port Posts 291% Surge in Nighttime Lights Amid Emergency Gas Deliveries During Ramadan

7. Border Crossings | Jdeidet Yabous Saw 524% Spike in Nighttime Lights Amid Refugee Returns and Trade Congestion Relief

8. Power Plants | Jordanian Gas Imports Drive Modest Activity Uptick at Al-Nasserieh Power Plant

9. Dams | Regained Government Control Triggers Activity Surges at Key Euphrates Dams

10. Industrial Zones | New Infrastructure and Energy Agreements Coincide with Spike in Nighttime Lights Across Key Industrial Cities

11. IDP Camps | Al-Hol Closure and Relocation of 1,000+ Families Coincide with Activity Spike at Aq Burhan Camp

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Cities

• Damascus (+223.5%), Homs (+204.5%) & Hama (+188.1%): Nighttime light (NTL) levels saw significant year-over-year (YoY) increases in February 2026,¹ coinciding with the launch of a $12.4M Japan–UNDP project to rehabilitate Jandar Power Plant, targeting up to 540 MW and helping stabilize electricity supply across their respective governorates.²

• Aleppo (+189.0%): The recorded NTL growth is consistent with reported increased daily power availability (16–20 hours in several neighborhoods), alongside intensified grid rehabilitation work.³

• Daraa (+160.4%): This spike in NTL coincided with a $10.7M UNDP project to rehabilitate Deir Ali Power Plant, aiming to restore ~120 MW and improve electricity reliability across the southern governorates.⁴

• Deir Ezzor (+156.9%) & Ar-Raqqah (+94.5%): NTL levels substantially grew in both cities aligning with the launch of extensive grid repairs by the Ministry of Energy;⁵ Ar-Raqqah's recovery also reflects developments following the Syrian transitional government regaining control in January 2026.⁶

• Latakia (+137.5%): This steep NTL increase mirrors local reports of longer periods of continuous power (over 12 hours on some days in late February),⁷ supported by improved grid stability from gas imports and coastal infrastructure maintenance.⁸

• Al-Qamishli (+117.7%): NTL levels more than doubled YoY following the completion of emergency repairs to the main 230 kV high-voltage line connecting the Buwab and Al-Qamishli stations, restoring power and improving supply stability.⁹

• Idlib (+73.2%): NTL levels increased significantly in February 2026 following reports of a newly completed electricity line, which has contributed to a gradually stabilizing power supply.¹⁰

• Al-Hasakah (-27.1%): This was the only major city to record a decline in NTL levels in February 2026, following January clashes between transitional government forces and the SDF that damaged key power lines and caused widespread, persistent outages.¹¹

• Tartus (+98.7%) & As-Suwayda (+2.2%): Both cities posted positive NTL growth; further localized analysis is required to identify underlying drivers.

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Air Quality

• Homs (+15.1%), Damascus (+4.7%) & Aleppo (+3.4%): Year-over-year (YoY) aerosol optical depth (AOD) increases in February 2026¹² align with extensive rubble clearing, debris removal, and recycling operations across the three cities.¹³¹⁴¹⁵

• Idlib (-18.8%), Latakia (-22.6%) & Hama (-34.1%): Sharp declines were recorded in the three cities, consistent with heavy rainfall, winter storms, and flash flooding in the region, which likely washed suspended aerosols from the atmosphere.¹⁶

• Al-Hasakah (-0.8%): AOD levels showed virtually no change from the baseline, despite ground reports indicating collapsed municipal services and widespread open-air waste burning.¹⁷

• Al-Qamishli (-18.0%): A steep decline in overall AOD is observed despite documented high levels of localized pollution from diesel generators, high-emission vehicles, and crude-oil burners.¹⁸

• Ar-Raqqah (-19.6%): The AOD decline follows the transitional government regaining control and launching an emergency sanitation campaign in late February that cleared 165 illegal dumping sites across the city.¹⁹

• Deir Ezzor (-21.8%): This YoY drop in aerosol levels is consistent with the closure of informal oil refineries and localized enforcement raids on non-compliant sites within the governorate.²⁰

• As-Suwayda (+22.4%), Daraa (+11.8%) & Tartus (+8.3%): All three cities posted higher AOD levels YoY; further localized analysis is required to identify the specific underlying drivers.

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Tree Cover

• Aleppo (+5.9%): A slight year-over-year (YoY) increase in the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)²¹ coincided with localized reforestation efforts, including a campaign by authorities and volunteers to plant 20,000 trees around the Midanki Dam.²²

• Idlib (-1.3%): A negligible YoY decline was recorded in February 2026 despite the late-January launch of the “Green Idlib” (“إدلب خضراء”) campaign, which planted hundreds of thousands of saplings across the governorate.²³

• Tartus (-7.1%), Hama (-14.0%), Homs (-15.1%) & Latakia (-16.3%): Steep declines broadly reflect the lingering devastation of the 2025 wildfire season, which damaged over 18,000 hectares and destroyed at least 150,000 trees nationwide.²⁴ Notably in Latakia, these low baselines persist despite mid-February mitigation efforts to plant 4,000 saplings in fire-affected zones.²⁵

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Burned Areas

• Zero burned areas were detected across Syria in January 2026.²⁶ This marks a stark year-over-year (YoY) improvement from January 2025, which saw 6,876 hectares of agricultural land burn concentrated within Aleppo Governorate.

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Airports

• Deir Ezzor Airport (+674.5%): A nearly eightfold year-over-year (YoY) increase in nighttime light (NTL) levels aligns closely with the February 2026 start of runway and infrastructure rehabilitation ahead of a planned reopening.²⁷

• Aleppo International Airport (+272.8%): This YoY spike in NTL levels coincides with early-February Syria–Saudi Arabia agreements on airport expansion²⁸ and the delivery of Turkish-supplied ground navigation equipment.²⁹

• Qamishli Airport (+4.0%): Overall NTL levels grew slightly in February 2026 following the transfer of operational control to Syrian authorities,³⁰ alongside the initiation of technical rehabilitation works aimed at restoring full capacity.³¹

• Damascus International Airport (-6.1%): This was the only airport to record a decline in NTL levels in February 2026, reflecting the late-February flight suspensions and temporary southern airspace closures linked to regional military escalation,³² despite ongoing expansion works.³³

• Palmyra Airport (+476.2%) & Latakia International Airport (+97.2%): Both recorded substantial growth; further localized analysis is required to identify the specific underlying drivers.

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Ports

• Baniyas Port (+291.1%): A nearly 300% year-over-year (YoY) increase in nighttime light (NTL) levels in February 2026 coincides with reports of four liquefied gas shipments arriving during the month to alleviate countrywide cooking gas shortages in early Ramadan.³⁴

• Latakia Port (+201%): NTL levels grew threefold YoY following a January announcement by Italian carrier Ignazio Messina to add Latakia to its regular Middle East maritime service.³⁵

• Tartus Port (+78.6%): This spike in NTL is consistent with January’s $190 million shipyard agreement with Turkey’s Kuzey Star Shipyard³⁶ and DP World’s ongoing redevelopment plan launched in 2025.³⁷

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Border Crossings

• Jdeidet Yabous (+523.7%): Nighttime light (NTL) levels saw an over sixfold year-over-year (YoY) increase in February 2026, coinciding with a surge in voluntary returns of Syrian refugees from Lebanon³⁸ and coordinated measures on truck transit and container unloading.³⁹

• Nasib (+312.3%): February 2026 data showed a substantial YoY increase in NTL levels despite Syrian restrictions on non-Syrian lorries entering via the crossing.⁴⁰

• Arida (+164.2%): This spike followed Lebanon’s initiation of repairs on the damaged border bridge to support the reopening of the crossing with Syria.⁴¹

• Daraa/Ramtha (+106.6%): NTL levels more than doubled YoY, coinciding with calls from the Daraa Chamber of Commerce and Industry to reopen the crossing to boost trade, jobs, and economic activity with Jordan.⁴²

• Semalka (+87.4%): Overall NTL growth coincided with a visit from a Syrian Defense and Interior Ministry delegation, alongside SDF officials, to discuss integration, security coordination, and operations with Iraqi Kurdistan.⁴³

• Al-Bukamal (+47.9%) & Al-Yarubiyah (-25.7%): Despite Iraq’s broader push to reopen adjacent crossings for trade, local realities drove divergent trends: Al-Bukamal surged following its recent reopening, whereas Al-Yarubiyah declined ahead of anticipated administrative shifts.⁴⁴

• Bab Al-Hawa (-9.1%) & Bab Al-Salameh (+6.3%): Data show mixed trends as Syria adjusts border operations with Turkey⁴⁵ amid ongoing voluntary returns processing; localized variations require further investigation.

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Power Plants

• Mehardeh (+101.6%) & Zayzoun (+100%): Nighttime light (NTL) levels doubled year-over-year (YoY) in February 2026, following November 2025 agreements for new gas-fired power plants in Mehardeh (800 MW) and Zayzoun (1,000 MW) under a $7B international consortium to expand generation capacity.⁴⁶

• Baniyas (+41.0%): This NTL spike likely reflects the November 2025 restart of Unit Four, restoring 150 MW and raising total plant capacity to a maximum of 500 MW.⁴⁷

• Al-Nasserieh (+4.4%): A modest uptick in NTL is likely linked to the January 2026 start of gas supply from Jordan, activating the ~450 MW facility.⁴⁸

• Al-Zara (-5.2%): Overall NTL levels slightly declined YoY in February 2026 despite the December 2025 completion of maintenance on the second steam unit and its reconnection to the national grid.⁴⁹

• Tishreen (-6.3%): The slight drop in NTL levels aligns with reported transformer faults linked to prior damage, which have compounded persistent outages and delayed repairs.⁵⁰

• Jandar (-9.3%): This decline in NTL in February 2026 coincided with the signing of a $12.4M agreement with Japan and the UNDP to rehabilitate Units 1 and 2 and stabilize ~540 MW of capacity.⁵¹

• Deir Ali (-24.3%): Despite the finalization of an international, UNDP-backed agreement to rehabilitate the facility, the power plant recorded a substantial drop in NTL.⁵²

• Al-Rastin (+13.5%) & Aleppo (-1.6%): Data show mixed trends; further localized investigation is required to determine the specific underlying drivers.

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Dams

• Al-Mansoura (+175.2%) & Al-Tabqa (+23.5%): Nighttime light (NTL) levels surged year-over-year (YoY) after the Syrian government regained control of both facilities in January 2026.⁵³ As of early February, turbine operations at Al-Tabqa are functioning at 50% capacity, generating approximately 400 MW.⁵⁴

• Tishreen (+34.6%): This spike in NTL levels followed the facility's reconnection to the national electricity grid in late January and early February 2026.⁵⁵

• Mashqita (-44.4%): NTL levels dropped significantly in February 2026, coinciding with a severe weather event that required urgent public warnings and active management of the reservoir.⁵⁶

• Qattinah (+26.9%) & Midanki (+6.2%): Both dams recorded NTL growth; further localized investigation is required to determine the specific underlying drivers.

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Industrial Zones

• Sheikh Najjar Industrial Zone (+119.8%): Nighttime light (NTL) levels more than doubled year-over-year (YoY), coinciding with a memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed with Takween Advanced Industries to support further infrastructure development.⁵⁷

• Hasyaa Industrial City (+38.2%): The NTL increase follows the January 2026 launch of the country’s largest raw sugar refinery on site.⁵⁸

• Adra Industrial City (+31.1%): Overall NTL levels posted substantial growth in February 2026, following an MoU to develop a 210 MW solar power plant and 827 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) to strengthen on-site power supply for industrial operations.⁵⁹

• Deir Ezzor Industrial Zone (-55.1%): NTL levels significantly declined in February 2026 amid official assessments of stalled facilities and rehabilitation planning for the governorate.⁶⁰

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IDP Camps

• Aq Burhan (+100.0%) & Al-Hol (-57.2%): Nighttime light (NTL) levels shifted in opposite directions year-over-year (YoY), as Al-Hol camp was officially closed on 22 February⁶¹ and over 1,000 families were relocated to Aq Burhan in northern Aleppo by 23 February.⁶²

• Washokani (+11.0%) & Serekaniye (-29.6%): Data show mixed trends amid reduced international humanitarian assistance to approximately 15% of normal levels and halted fuel distribution following funding shortfalls reported in early January 2026.⁶³

• Atmeh (+22.4%) & Al-Karameh/Qah (+12.4%): Overall NTL levels grew following severe winter weather events, including a January snowstorm⁶⁴ and early February flooding that affected multiple IDP sites in Idlib Governorate, prompting humanitarian responses and site assessments.⁶⁵

1. Nighttime Lights (NTL) is a measure of the intensity of artificial light emissions observed from space at night, typically measured in units of radiance. Higher NTL values indicate a greater concentration of human activity, such as urban development, industrial centers, or infrastructure, whereas lower levels represent undeveloped or sparsely populated regions.

2. “Japan and UNDP Launch US$12.4 Million Project to Stabilise Electricity Supply at Jandar Power Plant in Syria,” UNDP Syria, February 10, 2026, https://www.undp.org/syria/press-releases/japan-and-undp-launch-us124-million-project-stabilise-electricity-supply-jandar-power-plant-syria

3. “الكهرباء في حلب.. تحسن بالتغذية تقابله أعطال متكررة,” Enab Baladi, February 13, 2026, https://www.enabbaladi.net/795620/

4. “UNDP Signs US$10.7 Million Agreement with Italy and Norway to Boost Electricity Supply in Syria,” UNDP Syria, February 11, 2026, https://www.undp.org/syria/press-releases/undp-signs-us107-million-agreement-italy-and-norway-boost-electricity-supply-syria

5. “Syria launches broad repairs to power grid in Deir Ezzor and Raqqa,” SANA, February 23, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/economic/2298449/

6. “Syrian government takes over Raqqa: first on the agenda is rubbish collection,” The Irish Times, February 27, 2026, https://www.irishtimes.com/world/middle-east/2026/02/27/syrian-government-takes-over-raqqa-first-on-the-agenda-is-rubbish-collection/

7. X post by @latakiasara1, February 27, 2026, x.com/latakiasara1/status/2027491384421187971

8. “Syria’s energy comeback amid challenges,” Modern Diplomacy, February 4, 2026, https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2026/02/04/syrias-energy-comeback-amid-challenges/

9. “Ministry of Energy: Maintenance crews in Hasakah Electricity complete repair of emergency fault on the 230 kV line to Al-Qamishli,” @ALNAATEQ (X), February 14, 2026, x.com/ALNAATEQ/status/2022763120813359126

10. “Syrian Minister of Energy announces completion of new electricity line for Idlib,” @EMAlbasheir (X), February 17, 2026, x.com/EMAlbasheir/status/2023866957351551371

11. “UNDP Flash Update – Ar-Raqqa, Deir ez-Zor, Al-Hasakah | 20–26 January 2026,” UNDP, 27 January 2026, https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2026-01/undp-sy-nes_flash_update_27.01.26.pdf

12. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is a dimensionless measure of how much sunlight is prevented from reaching the ground by solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere. Higher AOD levels indicate a greater concentration of particles, such as dust, smoke, or pollutants, whereas lower levels imply clearer skies.

13. “Homs City Council launches rubble-clearing campaign in damaged neighborhoods,” SANA, February 2, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2293777/

14. “Syria launches operation to clear war debris in Damascus’ Jobar neighborhood,” SANA, February 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2292678/

15. “Syria’s Reconstruction Begins: Recycling the Rubble of War,” The Syrian Observer, February 2026, https://syrianobserver.com/society/syrias-reconstruction-begins-recycling-the-rubble-of-war.html

16. “Syrian Arab Republic: Humanitarian Overview Issue No. 4,” ReliefWeb / OCHA, March 16, 2026 (covering January-February events), https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-humanitarian-overview-issue-no-4-january-february-2026-enar

17. “Al-Hasakah Drowns in ‘Mountains of Trash’ as Community Initiatives Hit a Wall,” Enab Baladi, February 7, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/02/al-hasakah-drowns-in-mountains-of-trash-as-community-initiatives-hit-a-wall/

18. “How Qamishli Became a Poisoned City,” Al Jumhuriya, February 19, 2026, https://aljumhuriya.net/en/2026/02/19/how-qamishli-became-a-poisoned-city/

19. “Syrian government takes over Raqqa: first on the agenda is rubbish collection,” The Irish Times, February 27, 2026, https://www.irishtimes.com/world/middle-east/2026/02/27/syrian-government-takes-over-raqqa-first-on-the-agenda-is-rubbish-collection/

20. “Shutdown of Deir e-Zor’s informal refineries upends a hazardous local economy,” Syria Direct, February 23, 2026, https://syriadirect.org/shutdown-of-deir-e-zors-informal-refineries-upends-a-hazardous-local-economy/

21. “Enhanced vegetation index,” Wikipedia, accessed March 19, 2026, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_vegetation_index

22. “Tree-planting campaign launched near Midanki Dam in northern Aleppo,” SANA, February 24, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2298697/

23. “Idlib agriculture directorate launches wide-scale tree planting campaign,” @aljumhuriya_net (X), January 27, 2026, x.com/aljumhuriya_net/status/2016147270844948547

24. “Syrian Arab Republic Fire 2025: DREF Operational Update,” ReliefWeb, January 9, 2026, https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-fire-2025-dref-operational-update-mdrsy015-january-2026

25. “Finn Church Aid launches voluntary campaign ‘Green Horizons for the Future’,” FCA Syria (Facebook), February 17, 2026, https://shorturl.at/b2maC

26. Burned areas are measured from space by detecting changes in how the ground reflects sunlight over time: when fire destroys vegetation and leaves charcoal or ash behind, the land becomes darker, and its “spectral signature” shifts. By analyzing these signatures from different dates, we can pinpoint where and when fire occurred independently from official reporting.

27. “Syria begins rehabilitating Deir Ezzor airport after years of closure,” Arab News, February 2, 2026, https://www.arabnews.com/node/2631516/amp

28. “سوريا - السعودية ... إنشاء شركة طيران مشتركة وبناء مطار جديد في حلب ومشاريع أخرى” MC Doualiya, February 11, 2026, https://shorturl.at/8dinC

29. “Türkiye supplies Aleppo International Airport with advanced navigation systems,” SANA, February 9, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/economic/2295423/

30. “Syrian government takes over management of Qamishli airport,” The Times of Israel, February 21, 2026, https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/syrian-government-takes-over-management-of-airport-held-by-kurds/

31. “Syrian Government Begins Rehabilitation of Qamishli International Airport,” Enab Baladi, February 26, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/02/syrian-government-begins-rehabilitation-of-qamishli-international-airport/

32. “Regional escalation disrupts air travel in Syria,” Enab Baladi, February 28, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/02/regional-escalation-disrupts-air-travel-in-syria/

33. “Continuation of construction works on the second terminal hall (Terminal 2) at Damascus International Airport,” Syrian General Authority of Civil Aviation (official @SyrGACA on X), February 27, 2026, x.com/SyrGACA/status/2027345329683681727

34. “Gas tanker arrives at Baniyas Port to support domestic supply,” SANA, February 21, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2298071/

35. “Messina Resumes Syria Service with Latakia Port Call,” Levant24, January 18, 2026, https://levant24.com/news/2026/01/messina-resumes-syria-service-with-latakia-port-call/

36. “Investment contract with Turkish company to build shipbuilding dockyard in Tartus,” Enab Baladi, January 16, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/01/investment-contract-with-turkish-company-to-build-shipbuilding-dockyard-in-tartus/

37. “DP World invests $800 million in Tartus Port,” Enab Baladi, April 24, 2025, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2025/05/dp-world-invests-800-million-in-tartus-port/

38. “عودة دفعة جديدة من اللاجئين السوريين القادمين من لبنان,” الجزيرة (X), February 25, 2026, x.com/ajmubasher/status/2026628192493015418

39. “Lebanese-Syrian temporary truce reopens Masnaa crossing,” The Beiruter, February 13, 2026, https://www.thebeiruter.com/article/lebanese-syrian-temporary-truce-reopens-masnaa-crossing/1094

40. “Syrian-Jordanian trade hit as Damascus imposes restrictions on transport,” The National, February 9, 2026, https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2026/02/09/syria-jordan-transport-al-shara/

41. “Lebanon starts repair work on Arida bridge to reopen Syria border crossing,” L’Orient Today, February 4, 2026, https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1493813/lebanon-starts-repair-work-on-arida-bridge-to-reopen-syria-border-crossing.html

42. “Syria: Reopening the Ramtha-Daraa crossing to boost economy on both borders,” Al-Dustour, February 9, 2026, https://www.addustour.com/articles/1547148-سوريا-فتح-معبر-«الرمثا-درعا»-يحرك-الاقتصاد-على-جانبي-الحدود

43. “Hasaka security chief says Semalka crossing to return to state control,” Rudaw, February 7, 2026, https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/070220261

44. “Iraq prepares to open al-Waleed and Rabia border crossings with Syria,” Enab Baladi, February 16, 2026, https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2026/02/al-waleed-and-rabia-border/

45. “Syria Weekly: February 10-17, 2026,” by Charles Lister, February 17, 2026 (context on northern crossings and integration), https://www.syriaweekly.com/p/syria-weekly-february-10-17-2026

46. “Syria signs final agreements to build four power plants with 5,000-megawatt capacity,” SANA, November 6, 2025, https://sana.sy/en/economic/2276086/

47. “Energy Ministry restarts Baniyas Power Plant unit to strengthen national grid,” SANA, November 14, 2025, https://sana.sy/en/syria/2277713/

48. “وزير الطاقة يعلن تشغيل محطة الناصرية بالغاز الوارد من خلال الأردن,” SANA, January 8, 2026, https://sana.sy/economy/2369843/

49. “الانتهاء من صيانة المجموعة البخارية الثانية في محطة الزارة الحرارية بريف حماة,” SANA, December 18, 2025, https://sana.sy/locals/2356691/

50. “أعطال فنية في محولة تشرين نتيجة الأضرار التي لحقت بالمحطة سابقاً جراء اعتداءات تنظيم قسد,” SANA, January 22, 2026, https://sana.sy/locals/2380761/

51. “اتفاقية لصيانة محطة ‘جندر’ بقيمة 12.4 مليون دولار,” Enab Baladi, February 10, 2026, https://www.enabbaladi.net/795350/اتفاقية-لصيانة-محطة-جندر-بقيمة-12-4-مليون/

52. “سوريا.. اتفاقية دولية لإعادة تأهيل محطة كهرباء بريف دمشق,” Shorouk News, February 11, 2026, https://www.shorouknews.com/mobile/news/view.aspx?cdate=11022026&id=197d587a-d477-494a-b456-0b122f1b69d2

53. “Syrian government regains control of Euphrates Dam,” Arab News, January 18, 2026, https://www.arabnews.com/node/2629785/amp

54. “Syria moves to link power grid with Iraq and neighbouring states,” Shafaq News, February 5, 2026, https://shafaq.com/en/Middle-East/Syria-moves-to-link-power-grid-with-Iraq-and-neighboring-states

55. “Reconnecting Tishreen Dam to the Syrian electricity grid after a year of shutdown,” Deir EzZor 24, February 2, 2026, https://deirezzor24.net/en/reconnecting-tishreen-dam-to-the-syrian-electricity-grid-after-a-year-of-shutdown/

56. “تحذيرات من موجة فيضانية على نهر الكبير الشمالي في اللاذقية,” Syria TV, February 8, 2026, https://www.syria.tv/345899

57. “Ministry of Economy signs major industrial MoUs to revitalize Aleppo’s manufacturing,” Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA), February 26, 2026, https://sana.sy/en/investment/2299043/

58. “Syria Launches Largest Raw Sugar Refinery in Hassia,” Levant24, January 9, 2026, https://levant24.com/news/2026/01/syria-launches-largest-raw-sugar-refinery-in-hassia/

59. “Saudi company plans 210 MW solar and 827 MWh BESS project in Syria,” Enerdata, February 19, 2026, https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/saudi-company-plans-210-mw-solar-and-827-mwh-bess-project-syria.html

60. “Discussing the reality of the stalled industrial facilities in Deir Ezzor and ways to rehabilitate them,” DeirEzzor24.net, January 14, 2026, https://deirezzor24.net/en/discussing-the-reality-of-the-stalled-industrial-facilities-in-deir-ezzor-and-ways-to-rehabilitate-them/

61. “After years of detention, former residents of Syria’s Al-Hol camp face uncertain future,” Doctors Without Borders, February 27, 2026, https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/after-years-detention-former-al-hol-residents-face-uncertain-future

62. “Syrian Arab Republic: Humanitarian Response in Aleppo and North-East Situation Report No. 4,” UNOCHA, March 4, 2026, https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-humanitarian-response-aleppo-and-north-east-situation-report-no-4-4-march-2026

63. “IDPs from Serê Kaniyê appeal for urgent aid after severe storm,” Hawar News (ANHA), January 2026, https://hawarnews.com/en/idps-from-sere-kaniye-appeal-for-urgent-aid-after-severe-storm

64. “Idlib Directorate visits Atmeh camp after snowstorm,” Syrian Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor (@SyMOSAAL) (X), January 1, 2026, x.com/SyMOSAAL/status/2006805789936431430

65. “Syrian Arab Republic: Flash Update No. 3 | Floods Affect Displaced Communities in Syria (As of 9 February 2026),” ReliefWeb/OCHA, February 10, 2026, https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/syrian-arab-republic-flash-update-no-3-floods-affect-displaced-communities-syria-9-february-2026